The Secrets of An Annotated Bibliography Exposed

The Secrets of An Annotated Bibliography Exposed Firstly you are able to guarantee that there's a link created that results in the sites mention in your bibliography. When you are requested to submit an annotated bibliography your task is to write out the references which you are likely to utilize in whatever style is necessary for your research paper. In reality, just about all academic and expert research papers must have an annotated bibliography. Some databases have citation solutions, and there are lots of web-based generators. This annotation includes only 1 paragraph, an overview of the book. Summative annotations provide just an overview of the author's major ideas. A History of an Annotated Bibliography Refuted Revisions are an essential portion of any writing assignments, but it is particularly important to correct any errors in a thesis. Doing this for each report gives you a superb assortment of notes to utilize for your paper. Term papers are not the same as personal essays. Therefore, if you're expected to compose any sort of academic or professional papers, it's very likely that you'll be asked to adhere to either APA or MLA standards. This book, together with Getting Things Done by the identical author, are considered classics in this area. Writing is simpler than it seems. If you are searching for Sample Mla Cover Page Format you've come to the proper spot. Black Civil Rights in the usa. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About an Annotated Bibliography Is Wrong If you're looking for Paper Layout Mla you've come to the proper spot. 5 essay on there isn't any shortcut to success. Chemistry is a subject which, basically, supplies you with useful information concerning the different substances or varieties of materials which make up the physical world around us and the way in which they behave or react with one another. The Ultimate Annotated Bibliography Trick If you don't understand how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be pleased to help you. It's possible to always reach out to your writer to give more particulars or request information concerning the order's progress . There are several handy works of different period of time. Peruse a few times the range of sources than may be required, and select the ones that you believe will give the greatest overall background to your study. Be certain to ask your instructor if you're unclear regarding the sort of term paper you are going to write. When editing, it's important that a student takes note of particular aspects. Read the assignment sheet to make certain you comprehend the assignment. After going into the name of your publication, there are a couple of diverse things you do based on what sort of publication it is. Some explanatory text is provided. Annotated bibliographies are an enjoyable approach to gloss books quickly and discover out the most indispensable details about an author and his work. Once it's broken down into various headings and sub-headings it is not going to appear such a gigantic job. A yearly subscription is necessary for access to the internet content of the Manual. With the proliferation of information about the web, news sources will change in the quality. You start to read more critically rather than just collecting information. It should consist of background information regarding the subject. There's no apostrophe to produce a word or date plural. Additionally, it might lead to repetition. The worth of successfully educating the children have become the most important lesson. For instance, there is a real-life example of the Ministry of Truth. Don't forget, your instructor would like to read YOUR writing, not the writing of somebody else. It is likewise not essential that the instructor ought to be a professional dancer. The author definitely has a business focus, but lots of the ideas may be adapted to the house or classroom. You may see that you have a lot more notes from 1 source than all others. The total citation for the source is subseq uently included in a references section at the conclusion of the material. Ultimately, alphabetize the sources by the very first letter in every source because it is formatted properly. Use a different bit of paper or a distinct document on your computer for each source. The lengths of the annotations can fluctuate significantly from a couple sentences to a few pages. There are four primary varieties of annotations. Most of the time, they are intended to analyze, reflect, critique, summarize or evaluate the source material. Informative Annotation If you're using informative annotation, then you have to provide an overview of the sources used along with the arguments of your work.

Essay on Technology Is Changing the Mind - 1421 Words

The clock is ticking, the work is piling up, and with only a few hours to go before sunrise you stop and realize that you have just read some fifty pages and absorbed almost nothing. Some would agree when I say that this situation epitomizes one of the common problems of the Net Generation. With the help of the Internet, not only has every aspect of life gotten faster and more efficient, but it has changed the way people process information and perform tasks. In addition, while technology does have its benefits, the extensive use of the internet is affecting the way people think. It is simple to brush aside the ability to concentrate as a menial task that everyone can do, but when it gets right down to it, is it easy to devote your†¦show more content†¦As a result, it becomes much more difficult to sustain focus on reading prose that is long and takes more effort to absorb. Further neuroscience research shows that extensive use of the internet may physically be changing our brains. Our minds adapt to new ideas and concept everyday and when introduced to a new task or job, our brains change as â€Å"new neural pathways that give instructions to our bodies† (â€Å"What†¦Plasticity?†) open up. Brain plasticity, â€Å"the capacity of the brain to change with learning† (Michelon) can occur at any age and is responsible for instructing our brains to perform a task. New neural wires are created when you learn something new, but those same connections can also be destroyed, for instance when you forget a person’s name, signaling the failing of a person’s memory (â€Å"What†¦Plasticity?†). The more time spent on the Internet, the more our brains grow more accustomed to processing simplified snippets of information very quickly, and because Internet articles become easier to read and skim over, it appeals more t o the mind than denser and longer printed text. As printed text becomes more difficult to read, reading as a hobby has gotten a lot less attractive to some people. UCLA psychology professor Patricia Greenfield points out in her studies, â€Å"reading develops imagination, induction,Show MoreRelatedModern Technology1463 Words   |  6 Pages The debate of modern technology is one that reaches out to almost everyone in the modern era living in the United States, since it is a first world country, everybody living in the country at one point has interacted with a piece of modern technology. The evolution of technology in the last two decades has been exponentially fast, changing evolution of almost an entire generation in the way that they view things and interact with the world around them. Things such as virtual reality haveRead MoreThe Rhetorical Appeals : Is Google Making Us Stupid? Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesargument presented by two different authors who have written about the subject of how technology is affecting our lives. In the article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† by Nicholas Carr, he describes how over the years, using technology has evolved his way of thinking in a negative way. On the other hand, in the article â€Å"How technology has changed our parenting lives† by Christin e Organ, she promotes the use of technology, for it has improved her as a parent. This paper is to examine the rhetorical appealsRead MoreAttention Deficit : The Brain Syndrome Of Our Era1019 Words   |  5 Pagesthe effect of technology on our brains. As we process increasing amounts of information at ever-faster speeds, Restak argues that our brains are undergoing â€Å"profound alterations† in order to adapt to the changing needs of our modern world. As technology connects us to more people, places, and information than ever before, Restak warns that we are losing important cognitive functions, in particular our ability to focus and concentrate. However Restak fails to mention that technology has created significantRead MoreEssay What I Would Get Rid of to Improve Life in the 21st Century670 Words   |  3 PagesOur lives are changing, the outstanding growth of our knowledge is increasing every day, yet our changing lives present increasingly complicated problems in an a geing society. Today’s 21st century has much to sort out that may help the upcoming society. The excruciating examination process in which thousands of pressured students who are not fully ready to take an exam, must prove what they have ‘learned’ to aggressive and rapacious examiners, only a minority being selected in the vast marine ofRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid? by Nicholas Carr948 Words   |  4 PagesNicholas Carr is an author that focuses on the real word changing. His main focuses are the changes in technology, business and the culture. One of his essay’s, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid,† focuses on whether or not the Internet is creating problems within today’s society, and with our learning abilities in general. Carr provides detailed examples from Google, research teams and our own history to show the impact it has on today’s life and the minds’ of Internet users. This essay is very convincing toRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education1399 Words   |  6 Pages Technology is here to stay and appears to be ever advancing, but teachers are struggling to adapt with learning about the new software and tools that the districts are trying to implement into the curriculum. Teachers shape the minds of our future; thus making teaching the most important occupation in the world. In order to achieve maximum greatness in the classroom a teacher must be open to changing the methods in which they teach. With time, technology has seemed to shimmy its way into almostRead MoreEffects of Technology Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 091-040 4 December 2012 Effects of Technology in our world I. Introduction: State your plan for the Introduction paragraph * Changes in technology over the years * Why we depend on technology so much * How much we rely on technology Thesis statement: In today’s world, as technology is advancing around us, some of the major effects that can be seen are medical technology advances, ease of communication with the growing technology, and the negative effects on our body. IIRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid?1347 Words   |  6 PagesAdvancements in technology have made our lives significantly easier to live. With the invention of the Internet, education is enhanced, communication is made easier and quicker, and is the platform for greatness in the younger generation. However, an author by the name of Nicholas Carr argues that the Internet is changing the way we think and work for the worst, in his article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?†. Carr suggests that as the Internet becomes our primary source of information, it begins toRead MoreTechnology Trends : Changing The Hospitality Industry996 Words   |  4 PagesOverview Technology trends are changing the hospitality industry drastically. Hotel guests are among some of the most tech-savvy people in the world. This issue is leading guests to demand higher standards during their stay at a hotel or resort. Even though the standards are constantly changing and are often difficult for hotels to reach, hotels must do their best to keep up with the latest trends technology has to offer. When guests are looking at hotels to stay at during vacation or whatever theRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Learning And Teaching841 Words   |  4 Pagesthat in mind, technology is going to be the driving force behind gain those skills. With this in mind, the focus of the research should focus on the following questions; what impact does a one to one technology initiative have on learning and teaching? What training and professional development must be required for teachers, students, and administrators to ensure that it fulfills the learning objectives of a school? The se questions center primarily on understanding the impact that technology can have

Religion on Musical Development free essay sample

So it is only natural that Western music should also have been affected by religion. Western music, and Its development by composers, has been strongly Influenced by the Christian religion, especially In the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. The music in these periods laid the foundation for all the different types of music we enjoy today. During the Medieval period the Catholic Church had an enormous amount of power and control over the people of that time. The Medieval period began with the collapse of the Roman Empire around the year 450.Then with much of Europe in disarray, the Roman Catholic Church, the mall unifying force at the time, unified any cultures together. All segments of society felt the powerful Influence of the Roman Catholic Church. In this age of faith, hell was very real and heresy was the gravest crime (Examine 63). The church controlled everything and it was of greatest importance in this period. Very little non-Christian music from this period survived, due to its suppression by the Church and the absence of music notation; (History of Music).The enormous Gothic Cathedrals and churches demonstrate how powerful and Important the church was. The amount of physical labor put Into each one shows he devotion of the people to God and the church In the medieval time period. Life In these times revolved around the church so it makes sense that the music of this time also revolved around it. The composers of this era were often involved with the church. They were usually priests, monks, or nuns. For example Hildebrand of Binge, a nun from Germany, who, wrote many musical pieces and other forms of art. For over one thousand years the official music of the Roman Catholic church had been Gregorian Chant, which consists of melody set to sacred Latin texts and sung without accompaniment (Kamala 67). The credit for developing Gregorian chant music, also known as plainchant, goes to Pope Gregory the first. In reality, Gregorian chant had evolved over many centuries from Jewish synagogues. The Gregorian chant was basically the main type of music in the medieval period. Gregorian chants were monophonic In nature and were used by the Catholic Church to add an otherworldly quality to the mass. Chant survived and prospered In monasteries and religious centers throughout the chaotic years of the early middle ages, for these were the places of greatest stability and literacy (Medieval Music). Gregorian chant was the only type of music that was generally accepted by the church. All instrumental musical pieces were rejected by the church because of its idea that they were more secular in nature. The church had the power to, and usually did, censor secular music that It found to be objectionable. This caused the development of possibly, many other types of music to be hindered. F chants grew to thousands, they were notated to ensure musical uniformity throughout the western church (Examine 69). So it was church music that needed a musical notation system. This system is a great advancement in musical placement. For many years the churchs music was predominantly monophonic in texture. Eventually the church started to drift away from the monophonic texture of music and added a second voice to its chant. Monks in monastery choirs began to add a second melodic line to Gregorian chant.In the beginning, this second line was Improvised, not written down; it duplicated the chant melody in a different pitch (Examine 74). This type of music is called organ and is a drastic change in the music of the Catholic Church. Organ is polyphonic in texture and was more melodic. This was a major change for the church because the music now had more melody and was more attractive than the original chants. Another cause of the creation of organ is the creation of many schools for polyphonic music. Schools such as the school of Notre Dame of polyphony and SST.Martial School of organ were Just some of them. These schools, especially the school of Notre Dame, became the center of musical creative activity throughout the thirteenth century (Medieval Music). It was here that many great composers learned to compose polyphonic music. Liturgical drama was also created in the middle ages. Liturgical drama was basically a drama based on liturgical text. In its original form, it may represent a survival of Roman drama with Christian storiesmainly the Gospel, the Passion, and the lives of the saintsgrafted on.Every part of Europe had some sort of tradition of musical or semi-musical drama in the middle ages, involving acting, speaking, singing, and instrumental accompaniment in some combination. Probably these dramas were performed by traveling actors and musicians. (Medieval Music) After some time however, the church lost a lot of its influence due to unforeseen resistances. The Hundred Years War, the bubonic plague, and problems resulting from a time when there was more than one pope had been a blow to the church. This turmoil weakened the church and allowed more secular music to come about in the late middle ages.The weakening of the church is due to a combination of the general moral and atmosphere of the people during these times, the numerous deaths caused by both the Black Death, and the Hundred Years War, and the confusion of the people, which caused people to lose faith in God and the church. More secular USIA came about because of the loss of control of the people and not having enough strength to suppress the secular woks. The composers of the early medieval period were mostly anonymous. This is because the people of the time were expected to worship God in the best way they can.So those who can compose music were expected to compose and not take credit for it, because it was God that allowed them to have the skill. However, there were a few composers that were not anonymous. Composers such as Guileful De Mach, one of the best composers of the time, rote many pieces under the service of royal families. He wrote both secular and sacred music. Muscats most well known sacred piece the Notre Dame Mass. Her convent. Approximately eighty compositions survive, which is a far larger repertoire than almost any other medieval composer.Among her better known works is the Ardor Virtue (Order of the Virtues or Play of the Virtues), a type of early oratorio for womens voices, with one male part that of the Devil. It was created, like all of Hilliards music, to be performed by the nuns of her convent. The text of her compositions uses a form of modified medieval Latin unique to Hildebrand, for which he created many invented, conflated and abridged words, while the music itself is monophonic, designed for limited instrumental accompaniment (usually Just using hurdy guard drones), and characterized by soaring soprano visualization. Hildebrand of Binge) She was the first woman composer from whom a large number of works came about. She mostly wrote sacred songs which are monophonic in texture. Only n the late twentieth century did she achieve any recognition for her work. The Catholic faith in the medieval era hinders most of the secular music development. It does this by censoring and rejecting most of the secular works. This aspect and power of the church makes the music of this time period mainly Christian music.The hindrance of the music probably had a negative effect overall because it slowed down the development and possibly even destroyed potential styles of music. Dating from approximately 1450-1600, the Renaissance period in history was a time of transition in the arts, literature, religion, science, and philosophy. Although looking forward to modern thought, this period also revived the ancient Greek and Roman cultures (Renaissance Period). The Catholic Church had lost some of its Influence and power because of the bubonic plague, the wars, and the deaths of hundreds, which all took place in the medieval period.The spreading and teaching of humanism also made the church weaker. Humanism is the focus on the earthly life instead of the divine, where human aspirations and goals are put above that of the church. This was also the period of the reformation. The reformation is when people of the church such as Martin Luther were not happy with the church. So they formed their own church and became known as Protestants. There was also a battle of sorts teen the new Protestant church under Martin Luther and the Catholic Church. There were also other separations from the church which weakened it even more. Undoubtedly one of the major threads was forged by Henry VIII of England when he declared his realm independent of Rome, establishing his own Church of England and thereby beginning the trend whereby the Catholic Church ceased to be able to provide a supra-national force of unification (Renaissance). With this decline in the churchs power it allowed a more room for composers to create new types of music and more secular works without it being suppressed. This allowed different kinds of music to develop. However The church remained an important patron of music, but musical activity gradually shifted to the courts (Examine 81).Even though the church Nas weaker it still had influence and power. To make the church stronger however, and to counter the move toward Protestantism, important members of the Catholic Church met at the Council of Trend. There they decided to go back to Gregorian chant and the monophonic texture from the middle ages. They also created a more militant ruling of the remaining Catholic countries. This later has a great effect on the music There are two main types of sacred music in the Renaissance. The motet and the mass and they are very similar. The Renaissance motet is a polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of a mass. The Renaissance mass is polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections: Keri, Gloria, Credo, Sanctum, and Gangs Die (Examine 82). The motet which originated in the religious music of the thirteenth century, quickly moved out of the church and into the courts of the nobility, becoming the dominant form of secular music in the fourteenth century(Music). This is also nether influence of the church and religion. The composers of this time still made religious music.One renowned composer Sequin Desired for example, is possibly one of the best. He wrote numerous amounts of masses and motets. Joaquin dominated the musical world of his time, not only on account of his learning, skill, and originality, but because of his singular ability to bring together the many streams of contemporary musical practice Joaquin Desired). He also possessed a strong ability to take a Latin text, study it, and then compose many dramas and musical pieces. He was a very devoted Christian who influenced a great deal of people.One of those people for example is Martin Luther, who says: God has His Gospel preached also through the medium of music; this may be seen from the compositions of Joaquin, all of whose works are cheerful, gentle, mild, and lovely; they flow and move along and are neither forced nor coerced and bound by rigid and stringent rules, but, on the contrary, are like the song of the finch. (Examine 83) Joaquin Des Prep is still influential today. His music is still played and recorded today because of his ability to portray emotion in such a Nay that is still loved by many.His musical pieces were mostly about religion. He rote such compositions as Eave Maria 0. Virgo Serene, and many more that dealt with religion as its theme. Among the most important Italian Renaissance composers was Giovanni Periling De Palestinian who devoted himself to music for the Catholic Church (Examine 85). Palestinians most famous mass was his Pope Marvelous Mass. Palestinian gained popularity for the amount of compositions he made. Palestinian left hundreds of compositions, including 104 masses, 68 offertories, 250 motets, 45 hymns, psalms, 33 magnificent, litanies, 4 or 5 sets of lamentations etc. T least 140 madrigals and 9 organ receiver (however, recent scholarship has classed these receiver as of doubtful authorship; Palestinian probably wrote no purely instrumental music). His Missal sine nominee seems to have been particularly attractive to Johann Sebastian Bach, who studied and performed it while he was writing his own masterpiece, the Mass in B Minor. (Giovanni Periling De Palestinian) His compositions present a very Nell balanced and beautiful vocal part that is very harmonious. Palestinians Music is still performed today and is becoming a model of polyphonic music of theRenaissance time period. The Renaissance was a very important time because this is when the church first lost some of its power. So this allowed more secular works to be made and new styles to be explored. The composers in this period helped give future composers study material and compositions to start from. The Baroque period is a period of growth developments. The militant Catholicism of the Counter-Reformation, which stretched into the seventeenth century led to the development of religious baroque as the earliest permutation of baroque style (The Enlightenment).Many of the religious art ND music done in this time period were used to stop the spread of Protestantism. The Counter-Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trend, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism (Catholic Reformation). During this period the Catholic Church used its power to control the countries that were still under its Jurisdiction. During the early seventeenth century an artist or musician had almost no other choice but to paint religious scenes and compose church music.Other subject matter was insider heretical, and there was scant financial support for artists outside the church. Religious baroque was thus forced upon the artists of the age by the Catholic authorities, which demanded that Catholic art meet the Protestant challenge head on. (The Enlightenment) The Catholic Church Counter-Reformation doctrine had an enormous effect on the music produced, and played during the Baroque Period. Most of the sacred, or religious, music of the Baroque was written specifically to be perform ed as part of a church service, whether Catholic, Lutheran or Anglican. The ironical sacred form during the Baroque period, as in all other periods of European music, was the musical setting of various liturgical rites known as Masses. But the Baroque also had sacred musical forms which were particular to that time, especially the sacred cantata and the sacred oratorio. (Baroque Music Part Two) One influence of religion in the Baroque era has to be the oratorio. An oratorio is a large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. It differs from an opera in that it does not have scenery, costumes, or acting (Oratorio).Oratorios are usually written for biblical themes. An oratorio can be about the life of Jesus, the creation of the Nor, a life of a prophet or saint, or any other theme in the bible. During the Baroque era there were many composers who were greatly influenced religion. Among them are Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, and George Frederick Handel. They were some of the best composers of this era. These composers in one way or another were influenced by religion in some part of their lives and have composed musical pieces based on the Christian religion that will live on for many years to come.Antonio Vivaldi was a composer who was originally a priest. He took holy orders at the age of about twenty-five, but poor health caused him to leave the ministry after a Hear (Examine 126). Vivaldi composed operas and fine church music in his career. He Nas an inspiration for Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach took Vivaldi music and improved upon them as he saw fit. George Frederick Handel was a very talented composer. He wrote many secular pieces and operas, but in the end, found his best work as the oratorio.His oratorios found more success than any of his operas. His best know work in this genre, Messiah, has been performed continuously and in many countries around the world. Perhaps more than any other piece in European musical tradition. .. (Adam). His Messiah is based on the life of Christ, from the beginning to the end. This piece has given him great success and fame. Even after Handels death the Messiah grew in Christmas season. He was considered to be one of the best composers of his day to Germany. The wide range of expression at his command is shown not only in the operas, with their rich and varied arias, but also in the form he created, the English oratorio, where it is applied to the fates of nations as well as individuals. He had a livid sense of drama. But above all he had a resource and originality of invention, to be seen in the extraordinary variety of music in the pop. 6 concertos, for example, in Inch melodic beauty, boldness and humor all play a part, that place him and J. S. Bach as the supreme masters of the Baroque era in music. Bubonic) Johann Sebastian Bach is considered one of the best composers in history, if not the best. Bach is considered one of the best composers for many reasons. A master of music he contributed a new aspect to almost every genre that he composed for and he composed music for every genre except opera. He also had a great Imagination which allowed him, to take other composers music and improve upon them. He was considered to be so important in the Baroque period that his death marked the end of the period. Bach wrote many types of religious and secular music.He was very devoted to the church. Gary Adam says that, Bach was a very religious man, so religious that he thought music to be a sacred expression of Joy. In his own thinking, Bach considered all of his compositions to be sacred, even if they were never intended to be performed in church. He was a Lutheran and wrote many church pieces in Leipzig, where he held the position of municipal Experimentalist, here he wrote about 295 cantatas. One of Bachs best known cantatas is his Cantata NO. 140 Waste AUP, ruff nuns die Stemmed written in 1731. Later vocal music owes much to these cantatas, from the exquisite, delicate miniatures of Romantic period song-cycles to the grandiose choral exaltation of the closing movement of Beethovens Ninth Symphony (Baroque Music-Part Two). Bachs music still has an influence on us today. He wrote many cantatas, arias, fugues, and concertos that are still played today. Bach was greatly influenced by religion. Most of his works were made for its use in the church. He glorified God as best he could and in his works it can be seen that Bach had a true passion for religious music.The Baroque period, through the Catholic and Protestant churches were important in furthering the musical development of the coming years. Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, Antonio Vivaldi, and other such composers were important in helping other musicians such as Beethoven to develop their own music. Many of Bachs cantatas and Handels Messiah are done because of the influence of religion on their lives. This influence on them eventually affected other musical composers in he later centuries as well. Today religion is still affecting different genres of music.We still have composers rutting music based on religious text or singing glory to God. However religions impact is clearly not as strong as it was in the middle ages, renaissance or baroque periods. We can vividly see this in the presence of Death Metal bands, such as Dark Disciple or Cannibal Corpse, who sings about some of the most gruesome stories about murder and death, or the Hip Hop music genre which generally raps about prostitutes, sex, drugs, and murder as well. Nonetheless there are still some religious Electric bands. These bands are still influenced by religion.

So Called Love Song Essays - Chapbooks, , Term Papers

So Called Love Song The so-called Love Song The ironic character of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, an early poem by T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) in the form of a dramatic monologue, is introduced in its title. Eliot is talking, through his speaker, about the absence of love, and the poem, so far from being a song, is a meditation on the failure of romance. The opening image of evening (traditionally the time of love making) is disquieting, rather than consoling or seductive, and the evening becomes a patient (Spender 160): When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table (2-3). According to Berryman, with this line begins modern poetry (197). The urban location of the poem is confrontational instead of being alluring. Eliot, as a Modernist, sets his poem in a decayed cityscape, a drab neighborhood of cheap hotels and restaurants, where Prufrock lives in solitary gloom (Harlan 265). The experience of Prufrock is set against that of unnamed women (13), collectively representing womankind. Their unattainable status is represented by their constant movement- they come and go- and their polite chitchat about Michelangelo, who was a man of great creative energy, unlike Prufrock (Harlan 265). We cannot imagine that they would listen to any love song by Prufrock, any more than they would find his name or his person attractive. A man named J. Alfred Prufrock could hardly be expected to sing a love song; he sounds too well dressed (Berryman 197).J. Alfred Prufrock indicates his formality, and his surname, in particular, indicates prudery. The powerful metaphor, a visual image of the yellow fog (15) in the fourth stanza, represents the jaundiced environment of the modern city, or Eliot's infernal version of the forest of Arden (Cervo 227). The image is ambiguous, however, because Eliot also makes it curiously attractive in the precision he uses in comparing the fog's motions to that of a cat who [l]icked its tongue into the corners of the evening (17). We also hear the fog, disquietingly, in that image, in the onomatopoeia of licked. Repetition of time, in the following stanza, shows how the world of Prufrock's being is bound to temporality. Prufrock speaks to his listeners as if they had come to visit him in some circle of unchanging hell where time has stopped and all action has become theoretical (Miller 183). Time is repeated, several times, but it is not only its inescapable presence that Eliot is emphasizing, but also the triviality of the ways in which we use it; the taking of a toast and tea (34). The melancholy of Prufrock's situation begins to emerge when he speaks of his experience of failures in love and life. The initial vitality of his invitation to go out into the evening is now replaced by images of the many evenings he has known, with their same disappointing conclusions. This meditation expands to include mornings, afternoons (50) - all of his life, in other words - which, in a famous image, he has measured out with coffee spoons (51). The emphasis on I in the poem, which we would expect in a dramatic monologue, is also typical of Romanticism, with its celebration of the ego. Again, in this poem, Eliot is pointedly unromantic, as the I that is revealed is fit not for celebration but for ridicule, especially when Prufrock shows that he has been repeatedly diminished, even reduced to a laboratory specimen, by others' evaluation of him. It is little wonder that his self-confidence, the essential quality of a successful lover, has been shattered. It is women, of course, who have delivered this judgement on Prufrock. He finds them powerfully attractive, with [a]rms that are braceleted and white and bare (63), but we notice that this image - like the eyes, earlier, that fix you in a formulated phrase (56) - does not indicate a whole person, but rather a fragment of a human being, almost lifeless, like [a]rms that lie along the table (67). We may be critical of Prufrock, but the objects of his desire are scarcely more desirable. The criticism broadens to encompass a society, even civilization, and Prufrock becomes a type of human being - modern urban man, perhaps

supreme courts reactivity to popular will in modern times essays

supreme courts reactivity to popular will in modern times essays The Supreme Court safeguards much of its power by creating walls to separate its power from public opinion and political pandering. And while impartiality is undoubtedly the preeminent characteristic desirable in a justice, it is impossible to nominate a human being that is not at least partially fallible and swayed by the society around him. The Warren Court of 1953 to 1969 perfectly illustrates the concurrent philosophies of the Court with the prevailing political party of the day. The growing thought of the time was for increased civil rights and an activist government. President Eisenhower integrated the military and was a strong voice for racial reconciliation. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson were liberals who were both interested in achieving the Great Society, with racial equality a chief goal. In 1954 the Warren Court unanimously followed the trend of the time, and ruled in Brown v. Board of Ed. that separating blacks from whites was inherently unequal, thereby paving the way for the entire civil rights movement. In '64 the court continued to reflect public opinion, when it chose to accept the very loose interpretation of the interstate commerce clause to further it's activist agenda in the Heart of Atlanta Motel Case, by saying blacks could not be barred from staying in private establishments. The War ren Court reflected the prevailing Democrats in criminal rights as well. Between '61 and '66 the Mapp, Gideon, and Miranda cases all dramatically increased rights of the accused, simultaneous to the most rampant popularity of the Democrats. The Warren court championed separation of church and state, in Engel v. Vitale ('62) and Abbington v. Schempp ('63), and freedom of speech, in Tinker v. Des Moines ('69), as did its Democratic counterparts in Congress and the White House. Of course it is important to recognize that the Warren Court was not merely a knee jerk respondent to public opinion. Many of its decision...

Focus on Adjectives Ending in -ic and -ical

Focus on Adjectives Ending in -ic and -ical Many adjectives end in either -ic or -ical. Examples of Adjectives Ending In -ic: athleticenergeticpropheticscientific Example Sentences: The boys are very athletic and play a variety of sportsI didnt realize you were so energetic! Youve completed 10 exercises in the last hour.His writings were very prophetic and some think show the way of the future.Many feel that the only valid way to learn is the scientific approach. Examples of Adjectives Ending In -ical: magicaldiabolicalcynicalmusical Example Sentences: We had a magical evening at the concert.His political use of the military was diabolical.I wish she werent so cynical. I dont know whether I can believe anything she says.You Timothy is quite musical and plays the piano well. An extension of the adjective ending -ical is the adjective ending in -logical. These adjectives tend to be used with scientific and medical related terms. Examples of Adjectives Ending In -logical: psychologicalcardiologicalchronologicalideological Example Sentences: The psychological study of patients has led to many helpful discoveries.The cardiological unit of the hospital has saved many lives.The chronological listing of each Kings reign can be found on page 244.Many feel that an ideological approach to our political problems will not solve anything. There are a few cases in which both adjective endings are used with slight changes in meaning. Here are some of the most common: Economic /Economical economic relating to economics and financeeconomical money saving, frugal Example Sentences: The economic picture looks pretty depressing for the next few quarters.Its economical to reuse your banana peels as compost. Historic/Historical historic famous and importanthistorical dealing with history Example Sentences: The historic Battle of the Bulge was fought in Belgium.The historical significance of Da Vincis writings was discussed in Peter Goulds essay. Lyric /Lyrical lyric relating to poetrylyrical resembling poetry, musicality, etc. Example Sentences: Lyric poetry reading can help you find the music of everyday language.His lyrical approach to scientific writing help to popularize the subject.

Labour Turnover and Customer Service in Restaurants Essay

Labour Turnover and Customer Service in Restaurants - Essay Example As the discussion stresses restaurant, hotel and leisure industry is very much dependent on their employees for keeping their customer satisfied. This is a service industry where the intangibility, inseparability and heterogeneity of the service make it very challenging for the service provider to maintain consistency and increase the level of satisfaction received by the consumers.This discussion outlines that the labour turnover in the service industry is high. The high rate of turnover is result of various factors like lack of opportunities and growth, low income level and other reasons. The employees are the face of the service providing company. High employee turnover rate also indicates towards the management problems and internal issues of the organisation. Organisation is questioned for not able to retain its employees.  In this situation, it becomes very challenging for the human resource management professionals or business owner to ensure the stability of employees. Ther e are various strategies that a company adopts to attract and retain employees and maintain their image in the job market. Restaurant companies offer different types of monetary and non monetary benefits to its employees. The monetary benefits are incentives, bonus, stock options and others cash components.  The non monetary benefits include insurance, heath benefits, maternity and paternity leaves, education sponsorship, education assistance etc.

Contemporary isssues in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Contemporary isssues in Marketing - Essay Example etitive business environment, it is evident that global marketing strategies and tactics have significantly evolved and are used intensively within the operations of the business. This is because of the increasing power of the consumers along with their ever-changing demands. This also signifies the evolution of the customers’ oriented business process. This particular approach is adopted with the intention to gain competitive advantages over rivals. In this regard, it is also evident that the technological developments such as the Internet have a major role in the evolution of the business process, thereby attaining competitive advantages (Hackley, 2013). In order to gain competitive advantages, it is notable that the corporate organisations execute several activities that are required for getting the desired level of performances. These activities are considered as ethically and morally valuable for the overall business operations in any sector. Eventually, it leads to social benefit, which indirectly benefits a corporate organisation (Tadajewski, 2004). In this context, the objective of this particular research essay is to consider all these aspects in a comprehensive or illustrative manner. The outcome of the research will subsequently aid the young marketers and others to attain professional developments and organisational growth at the same time. In the modern era of competitive business environment, marketing strategies and tactics of companies has changed significantly. This has considerably led to the evolution of marketing through the involvement of technologies. In this regard, one of the major technological developments in the modern era is evident from the onset of internet technology. Internet technology has led to the improvement of communication among people residing in different parts of the world. This has considerably supported and benefitted the corporate enterprises in gaining a better position for themselves within the marketplace. Through

Customer Service Careers Essay Example for Free

Customer Service Careers Essay What does Customer Service mean to you? Is it simply taking care of your daily customers’ needs? What about the concept that your employees are also your customers? Does that change your outlook on the idea of customer service? This essay will explain the internal customer concepts of human relations. Human relations, in definition, are â€Å"the skill or ability to work effectively through and with other people†. (Lamberton, p.4) As a manager, you need to understand the needs and wants of your employees. You should have an effective training program that is set up with clear guidelines and expectations. Providing feedback during the training and throughout employment is crucial. This allows for open communication between management and employees. Future goals can be discussed and additional training available to aid them on those journeys. Areas of improvement can also be discussed without singling out the negative. Read more:  Customer Service in Leisure and Recreation In human relations it is very important to know the values instilled by the company. It is also important to help the employees â€Å"understand and accept the values of others without compromising their personal integrity†. (Lamberton, p.114) Communication and compromise are vital in any organization. It is not necessary to disregard your values for someone else’s, merely understanding where they are coming from and finding common ground to build on. You’re job in human relations is help bridge those gaps and assist in dealing with those conflicts. â€Å"Something powerful happens when people see themselves as part of healthy, functional community and have a positive experience of that.† (Everett, p.78) Positive attitudes, job satisfaction, high morale, and positive reinforcements are just a few examples of ways to succeed. Involving employees in decisions and setting realistic goals will help to improve  motivation as well. Employees need to feel that they matter as individuals, not just a part of the company. Managers are crucial in developing mutual respect, self-esteem, and solving conflicts. The better your communication skills are the more likely you are to be successful. Also, being able to maintain a positive attitude increases the morale of your internal customers, or employees. References Everett, Melissa (2007) Making a Living While Making a Difference: Conscious Careers for an Era of Interdependence Lamberton, Lowell, Minor, Leslie (2010) Human Relations: Strategies for success

Catcher In The Rye - The Conte :: essays research papers

J.D. Salinger is considered one of the most critically reviewed author in modern literature. In particular his only novel Catcher in the Rye has received the most criticism. The book has been constantly debate and sometimes banned in some states because of its vulgar language and sexual content. On the other hand it is used in freshmen English and praised as the greatest book in the twentieth century. Catcher in the Rye has been reviewed in many aspects. People had drawn many conclusions in trying to decipher the meaning of Catcher in the Rye and the mind behind the mysterious Salinger. Buddhism is one apparent aspect in this book and it is also apparent in Salinger’s life. Does Salinger exhibit Buddhism on different levels in Catcher in the Rye? The main character in the book is Holden Caulfield. He attends a rich prep school called Prency prep. It is a school that typifies the idealistic American school, where the dirt and grind does not have a space, at least not on the surface. Holden is then expelled from the school, and starts to venture out the world on his own. He goes back down to New York, the dirt and grind capital of the world. He gets more and more sickened by the fakeness, and cruelty of the world. An example of this would be in the Catcher in the Rye, when he goes in to the museum â€Å"he notices an obscenity written with a child’s red crayon on the wall†(121 bloom). Holden says in the novel â€Å"That’s the whole trouble,† he realizes. â€Å"You can’t ever find a place that’s nice and peaceful, because there isn’t any. You may think there is, but once you get there, when you’re not looking, somebody’ll sneak up and write ‘Fuck you’ r ight under your nose†(264 Salinger). He throws up because of the whole idea and from that point he then begins to understands the real meaning of life and learns to accept life as life. Holden’s life is a mirror image of the life of Siddharta Gotama the price of Nepal in 563 B.C. The story of the Prince is the prince lived in his kingdom where he was shielded from suffering. He never saw the dead, the dying, the suffering, the hungry. He knew none such existed. Until one day he had ventured out of the kingdom and saw the things he had been shielded from.

Assess the postmodernist views of the mass media Essay

PM argue mass media are central to the PM theory, as the decline of traditional communities, time-space compression and flexible production – all derived through the media. PM argue the global society is media-saturated, making it harder to distinguish between reality and hyper-reality, and making culture fragmented and unstable. PM challenge viewing audience as passive and easily manipulated, as they use media images to construct individual identities. The major criticism of PM is that their argument is based on abstract concepts and a lack of empirical evidence. Marxists criticise PM for ignoring inequalities in media access, and that the media messages can mislead the audiences, as the main effort behind them is maintaining profit for capitalists. PM argue the society today is media-saturated. BAUDRILLARD argues the media messages dominate and distort the perception of the world. People live media-led virtual lives, spending time on social networks (eg. Twitter) or playing such video games as Second Life. Media-saturated society had created increasing uncertainty in the world by making it hard to discern reality from fantasy. BAUDRILLARD notes people are bombarded with the mass media daily. As a result, the media define our sense of reality and self-perception. To support, BAUMANN suggests people live in a liquid modernity, where we base our identity around consumption, and pick n mix identities. BAUDRILLARD agrees that identity is driven my media-created pressure to consume. However, Marxists argue capitalism is behind media-created pressure to consume, and the growth of consumerism represents the success of capitalism rather than diverse media messages. Nonetheless, BAUDRILLARD still argues that identity is formed by media images, rather than class and imposed values. PM argue the media actively create reality. BAUDRILLARD argues media images have replaced reality to such an extent that we live in hyper-reality, i. e. reality structured by electronic communication. In turn, the media present simulacra (artificial copies of real events), which is hard to differentiate from reality. There is no longer separate reality for things like TV programmes, highlighted by media stories about fictional characters. TUCKLE notes that the lives of TV characters have become more real to the audience than actual communities. For example, people felt so strongly about TV show Cheers that they created Cheers bars in America, similarly to creating Central Perk coffee shops after popularity of Friends. Moreover, the media can create realities of such major events as wars. BAUDRILLARD argues that the First Gulf War was a simulation created by the media, noting that ‘the war only happened on TV’. While not denying the existence of conflict, he criticised its portrayal in western societies. However, the impact of hyper-reality and simulacra is uneven between social groups. They are only significant to those who can access them. PM are criticised for ignoring that media images can increase perception of inequality. More importantly, PM ignore concerns over concentration of media ownership and ideological function hyper-reality may perform. Marxists suggest the RC may create the hyper-reality to reinforce their ideology, whereas Feminists suggest some aspects of hyper-reality, particularly games like GTA, reinforce patriarchy and misogyny. PM highlight the increasing importance of popular culture promoted by the media. STRINATI notes the mass media have caused a breakdown of distinction between high and popular culture, making popular culture dominate the way people define themselves. Popular culture has more influence on our lifestyles than social structures, as opposed to Marxist view that the media owners influence the media output thus influence our identities. However, PM are criticised for not being able to empirically prove the link between popular culture and creation of identities. PM conducted small scale ethnographic research, as they reject possibility of discovering objective truth about social world. However, it severely undermines their argument. In support of PM, however, neo-functionalist PUTNAM found empirical evidence to highlight the breakdown of the real world social interaction and declining social capital due to the influence of the media, and especially new media. In conclusion, PM view of the media is influential in drawing attention to the impact of the media on creation of identities and how consumption influence people’s ability to create their identities themselves. However, the major limitation of PM theory is reluctance to recognise the significance of the market forces and concentration of media ownership in understanding the media impact on the society. Moreover, PM do not acknowledge the media’s role of promoting and exacerbating inequalities among audiences.

Paterson Job Grading System

What Is the Paterson Job Grading System? By T. GAVAZA The Paterson grading system is used to evaluate aspects of jobs. The Paterson grading system is an analytical method of job evaluation, used predominantly in South Africa. It analyzes decision-making in job task performance or job descriptions, and sorts jobs into six groups that are graded and grouped into two to three sub-grades–such as stress factors, individual tolerance, length of job and number of job responsibilities–that correspond to organizational levels. The six grades, also called bands, define pay scales. Identification 1.According to â€Å"Classification of Jobs into Levels of Work: Four Reliability Studies,† at the University of Zimbabwe, the Paterson system places job decision-making into six groups or bands–policy making, programming, interpretive, routine, automatic and defined. These groups correspond to the following organizational levels–top management, senior management, mid dle management, junior management and skilled positions, semi-skilled positions and unskilled positions. Features 2. Comprised of grades A through F, Paterson's grading system is listed below with an explanation of the corresponding graded decision making.An upper grade reflects a job requiring coordination or supervision, and a lower grade reflects non-coordinating jobs. A- Prescribed or defined decisions. Jobs are performed with limited training for grade A, and employees, such as unskilled workers, decide when and how fast to execute tasks. B, lower- Automatic or operative decisions B, upper- Coordinating, automatic decisions. Theory or systems knowledge for grade B is not required, though employees, such as semi-skilled workers, can decide where and when to perform operations. C, lower- Routine decisionsC, upper- Coordinating, routine decisions Theory and/or systems knowledge for grade C is required, and employees, such as skilled workers or supervisory personnel, decide what ha s to be done–through knowledge and experience–for deterministic outcomes . D, lower- Interpretive decisions D, upper- Coordinating, interpretive decisions Grade D involves middle management's ability to optimize resources through decision-making about processes and procedures with planning programs or budgets one year ahead. E, lower- Programming decisions E, upper- Coordinating, programming decisionsGrade E consists of senior management's cross-functional coordination–coordinating many departments–and strategic policy decisions made by top management, with plans made five years in advance. F, lower- Policy decisions F, upper- Coordinating, policy decisions Grade F consists of top management, such as a board or CEO who manages organizational scope and goals. Comparison to Castellion's Grading System 3. Paterson's grading system is more reliable than Castellion's grading system, based on a reliability study at the University of Zimbabwe. More students made errors in re-grading 18 jobs

World Strruggle Comes to Division essays

World Strruggle Comes to Division essays It is thought that this war that is been ongoing for over a year, began with the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand; however, many other reasons led to this war. Some occurring reasons date as far back as the late 1800's. Nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and the system of alliances were four main factors that pressed the great powers towards this explosive war. Nationalism is the love of one's country rather that the love of a native region. Throughout the 1800's many national groups that were driven by nationalism tried to unite by governments controlled by their own people. However, this desire to unite all the people of a nation under one government had devastating possibilities in Europe, where one government often ruled many nationalities. This is one important reason for the start of the Great War. Another reason for the start of the war was the practice of imperialism by many countries. Imperialist countries narrowly avoided war many times as they struggled to divide Africa among themselves in the early 1900's. Two of these countries, France and Germany, were on the brink of war several times when the argued about claims to Morocco. Between 1905 and 1911 they settled each argument with a temporary compromise that left one of the two countries dissatisfied. Although imperialism played an important role in starting the war, militarism was even a greater factor. Militarism controlled the thinking of many European Leaders before the war. These leaders thought that only the use of force could solve problems along nations. These leaders also thought that a military strong nation usually got what it wanted, and weaker nation usually lost out. As international rivalries, each nation in Europe made their armed forces stronger and larger. As all these things began to build up the spark that set off the explosion and led to the war was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand. While the heir to the Austro-...

Books and Blogs About Cultural Appropriation

Books and Blogs About Cultural Appropriation Cultural appropriation is a complicated topic. Although the issue often appears in news headlines when clothing chains such as Urban Outfitters or singers such as Miley Cyrus and Katy Perry face accusations of cultural appropriation, the concept remains difficult for many people to grasp. The most simple definition of cultural appropriation is that it occurs when members of a dominant culture borrow from the cultures of minority groups without their input. Typically those doing the â€Å"borrowing,† or exploiting, lack a contextual understanding of what makes the cultural symbols, art forms and modes of expression significant. Despite their ignorance of the ethnic groups from which they borrow, members of the majority culture have frequently profited from cultural exploitation. Given that cultural appropriation is such a multi-layered issue, a number of books have been written about the trend. Members of marginalized groups have also launched websites specifically devoted to educating the public about cultural appropriation. This overview highlights noteworthy literature and websites about this persistent phenomenon. Cultural Appropriation And The Arts This book by James O. Young uses philosophy as the foundation to examine the â€Å"moral and aesthetic issues to which cultural appropriation gives rise.† Young highlights how white musicians such as Bix Beiderbeck to Eric Clapton have gained from appropriating African-American musical styles. Young also addresses the consequences of cultural appropriation and whether the trend is morally objectionable. Moreover, can appropriation lead to artistic successes? With Conrad G. Brunk, Young also edited a book called the Ethics of Cultural Appropriation. In addition to exploring cultural appropriation in the arts, the book focuses on the practice in archaeology, museums and religion. Who Owns Culture? - Appropriation and Authenticity in American Law Fordham University Law Professor Susan Scafidi asks who owns artforms such as rap music, global fashion and geisha culture, to name a few. Scafidi points out that members of culturally exploited groups typically have little legal recourse when others use their traditional dress, music forms and other practices as inspiration. The book is billed as the first to investigate why the United States offers legal protections for works of literature but not for folklore. Scafidi asks larger questions as well. Specifically, what does cultural appropriation reveal about American culture overall. Is it as innovative as widely thought or the byproduct of â€Å"cultural kleptomania?† Borrowed Power: Essays on Cultural Appropriation This collection of essays edited by Bruce Ziff focuses specifically on Western appropriation of Native American cultures. The book explores the artifacts, symbols and concepts typically targeted for appropriation. A range of people contributed to the book, including Joane Cardinal-Schubert, Lenore Keeshig-Tobias, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Hartman H. Lomawaima and Lynn S. Teague. Native Appropriations This long-running blog examines representations of Native Americans in popular culture through a critical lens. Adrienne Keene, who is of Cherokee descent, runs the blog. She is pursuing a doctorate in Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education and uses the Native Appropriations blog to examine images of Native Americans in film, fashion, sports and more. Keene also offers tips to the public on combating cultural appropriation of Native peoples and discussing the issue with the person who insists on dressing up as a Native American for Halloween or supporting the use of Native Americans as mascots. Beyond Buckskin The Beyond Buckskin website not only addresses the appropriation of Native American fashion but also features a boutique with jewelry, accessories, clothing and more crafted by Native American designers. â€Å"Inspired by relevant historical and contemporary Native American clothing design and art, Beyond Buckskin promotes cultural appreciation, social relationships, authenticity and creativity,† according to the website. Jessica Metcalfe (Turtle Mountain Chippewa) maintains the website. She has a doctorate in American Indian Studies from the University of Arizona.

Unit 3 - visual argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Unit 3 - visual argument - Essay Example This development necessitated a strong response from the nations and NGOs that respect human rights, but even the discussion has been compromised. Some of the efforts that have been put forward by the NGO representatives and officials to call for subversion of the Islamic stated have been disrupted before the Council President banned the Human Rights Council. One of my interesting claims that I would like to highlight in my project is that the movement that favors the Islamic Human Rights have been presented to the council as a mere complementary to Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The opposition that the proposal got; termed as a religious matter is increasingly forbidden from talks in the United Nations Chamber. The Western Powers have failed to support the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or withdraw from the discussion. Therefore, the worrying trends need to be traced and looked briefly into the historical explanation of the emergence of the Islamic politics into the setting of the international relations. Various forms of technology will be used for this piece of work. Therefore, some of the technological tools that I will be comfortable with include the poppet, Jing, Apple IPad, Dropbox and also Slide Shares. Of the mentioned technological tools, the ideal ones will be slide shares, Popplet, and Dropbox. With slide share, it will be favorable to upload the presentations, videos and share them with the rest of the world. Even better, it will be possible to take advantage of materials that other people have uploaded. Popplet will be used to brainstorm ideas, create the SlideShare, mind maps and also collaborate. Finally, the drop box will be helpful for storing, sharing, and accessing data from any given place with an easy to used drop box service.  The trailer will be the perfect genre that will be used in the work. The named genre will have a thriller type of style that

The Role of Nursing in Pain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Role of Nursing in Pain Management - Essay Example In order to do this the discussion will first of define pain, because it not objective as many nurses and health practioners may believe. In fact it is a very subjective term. The essay will then go on to the different types of pain relief and finally end with a discussion of the problems in the UK when dealing with patient's whose wishes are hard to discern and whether we should be administering pain relief and life saving methods without proper consent. Pain is a multi dimensional experience and has a sensory, emotional, cognitive component. Pain management approaches that address all these three factors are likely to be more successful and popular (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001). The World Health Organization estimates that 22% of people experience some form of pain (Gureje et al 1998). Potter in 1993 showed that 11.3% of the visits made to General Practitioners were to get treatment for chronic pain (DAY.R. 2002). The losses in terms of quality of life and economy were rated high enough for the WHO to give pain the status of a "world health problem," by the WHO in 1986. In the UK, the Working Party Report Pain after Surgery (The Royal College of Surgeons of England and The College of Anaesthetists 1990) recognized the need for professional supervision and protocol development for pain management. The committee also highlighted the historical inadequacy in pain management. Acute Pain Services (ACS) was initiated for managing post-surgical pain (Taylor. H. 2001). The Provision of Pain Services (Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and The Pain Society 1997) propounded the specialized role of nursing in pain management. (Pain Society, 2001) The Royal College and the Anaesthetic Association reported that 44% of hospitals had some form acute care services and 79% used modern analgesic techniques to manage pain (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001.) A study of hospital services declares pain prevention to be one of the 10 most important indicators of care quality. (Susan M, 2003) While the need for management is acknowledged, the resources allocated for the function were found to be inadequate. In a significant finding, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group found that although 81% of the functions involve nursing care and 7% of these were headed by nurses there was lack of specialized nursing care in the chronic pain department. The situation was further made worse by inadequate funding. (Pain Society, 2001) Health professionals currently are found to have deficits in knowledge and skills for proper pain management. Nursing care is often found to be influenced by attitude of patients, their culture and value systems. (Redorbit.com, 2006) . The Services for Patients with Pain, in their study in 1999 found that 50% of trusts did not provide pain care services for children and awareness of guidelines were poor (Susan M, 2003) An analysis by Ferrell et al (2000) on the text books used in nursing

Tourism Policy & Stratgy - deconstruct a piece of tourism policy Essay

Tourism Policy & Stratgy - deconstruct a piece of tourism policy - Essay Example The process of policy formulation entails integrated set of components. Usually it is of essence to understand what needs to be done and whether they are legally right. Task one- Philosophy Environmental policies After the European Union agreed to reduce its conservatory gas productions in 2008, it portrayed its responsibility to engage in the environment change campaign and to guide the world in determining how this might be organized (European Commission, 2000). The approved cut of twenty per cent from 1990 points by 2020, at the same time with a twenty percent renewable goal, was an important phase for the EU's environmental development and a pure indication to the rest of world that the European Union was set to take the action needed. This was achieved by meeting the Kyoto Protocol objective (European Commission, 2000). In this white paper, the company finds the correct balance between social, economic, and environmental plans to improve the positive influences that aeroplanes p roduces, while reducing the negative effects and meeting approved environmental standards (Fidgeon and Ritchie, 2005; pp. 3. Par.1). They add that, the government will introduce immediately a plan to inspect how the environmental harms at Heathrow may be corrected (Fidgeon and Ritchie, 2005; pp. 8. par. 2). ... In the thought of Litman (2003), the entire transport system needs a complete change of the technique used by the specialists in tackling difficulties. Glasgow Airport is situated within the local authority known as the Renfrewshire Council local authority and is supported by the Renfrewshire Local Plan (Michael, 2006). Local planning policies of the Renfrewshire Local Plan were approved in 2006. The plan recognises the worth of Glasgow Airport as a main component of the local and international economy, and aims at making provision for the working requirements and development within the airport to ensure its continuous development (Michael, 2006). The white paper provides a description of support for local air facilities and airport expansion. It further states that they expect all major airports create or update main plans, to take the White Paper’s consideration (Fidgeon and Ritchie, 2005; pp. 4. par.3). The white paper states that the main priority is to make use of the pre sent runways at the main airports in South East. Besides that, they support the construction of two modern runways by 2030 in the South East (Fidgeon and Ritchie, 2005; pp.7 par.2). Local government planning directives The development framework is integral to the success of the development of the Community Policy Plan. For instance, the directives aim at raising the living standards of residents. This can be achieved through the encouraging business expansion in appropriate sites (Burnham, 2000). According to Richmond (2011), the Council will make sure that garbage collection and removal arrangements are established according to the principles of sustainability grounded on an order of

Ethical Leadership And Unethical Behavior Management Essay

Ethical Leadership And Unethical Behavior Management Essay Ethical leadership, is a form of leadership including attributes such as integrity, trustworthiness, fairness, concern for others, and behaving ethically. A more systemic definition divides ethical leaders into two parts moral persons and moral managers (Trevià ±o, Hartman, Brown, 2000). For moral persons, it refers to the ethical part of the term ethical leadership, suggesting that ethical leaders should be moral persons who are honest, trustworthy, taking good care and be fair to their followers, having right behaviors in both personal and professional lives. For moral managers, it refers to the leadership part, focusing on more transactional efforts to influence the ethical behavior of followers (Trevino, Brown Hartman, 2003). As moral managers, ethical leaders communicate with their subordinates about their ethical and values-based expectations, use reward and punishment to encourage ethical conduct or prevent unethical behaviors. (Trevià ±o Brown, 2004). As ethical behaviors refer to behaviors that are generally morally acceptable to the larger community; conversely, we define unethical behaviors as behaviors that are morally unacceptable generally. (Jones, 1991; Trevià ±o, 2006) And in this paper, the ethical (unethical) behaviors refer to the behaviors conducted in companies or organizations. After defining the terms, we base on two theories or processes to explain the effects of ethical leadership on the unethical work behavior, which is consistent with the recent relevant studies about the topic. (Mayer, Aquino,Greenbaum Kuenzi, 2012; Mayer et al., 2009; Brown, Trevià ±o Harrison, 2005; Kirkman, Chen, Farh, Chen Lowe, 2009) Social Learning Theory Social learning theory posits that leaders influence their subordinates through the process of role-modeling. (Bandura, 1977, 1986) Employees learn what ought to do and what ought not, by observing the leaders behaviors and the corresponding results. (Trevià ±o Brown, 2004). Given the virtue and power in an organization, leaders are generally perceived as a credible and legitimate role model (Mayer et al., 2012). So by mimicking the behaviors of the ethical leaders, the subordinates would also be more likely to do things in a morally desirable way. Apart from direct observation on leaders, employees would also pay close attention to behaviors that are rewarded and punished to themselves or others (Brown, 2005), and to do what is rewarded while avoiding what is punished, and thus reduce the unfavorable behaviors. (Trevià ±o Brown, 2004). Ethical leadership highlights on ethical behaviors. So through behave ethically as a valid ethical role models, at the same time, encourage ethical behaviors and discipline unethical ones by putting forward proper rewards and punishments, ethical leader can have a role on preventing or reducing the unethical behaviors in the organization. (Mayer et al, 2012). Social Exchange Theory The effect of ethical leadership on the subordinates behavior can also be explained by social exchange processes (Blau, 1964; Trevià ±o Brown, 2004; Mayer et al., 2009). Social exchange is based on the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960), which means that if one party do something beneficial to the other party, the counter party will then assume the obligation to do something good as the reciprocation back to the first party. (Cropanzano Mitchell, 2005). So in the relationship of ethical leadership and unethical behavior, ethical leadership defines leaders with characteristics of having fairness, trustworthiness, integrity etc, if employees regarded themselves as being treated fairly and perceived organizational support create a closer relationship between employer and employee, they are more likely to reciprocate these favorable treatment by being more loyal and supportive to their leaders or organizations, thus tends to reduce the harmful behaviors (Bies Moag, 1986 ; Phillips Elkins ,2000 ; Trevià ±o Brown, 2004). Besides, it is found that if employees maintain a high-quality relationship with their leader, they are less likely to engage in retaliation (Liden, Sparrowe, Wayne, 1997). As ethical leaders are perceived as admirable leaders due to their trustworthiness, integrity and care and concern for others, they are likely to create a positive social exchange relationship with their subordinates. In return, more citizenship behaviors and less unethical conduct will be expected. (Trevià ±o Brown, 2004) So base on the review of the two processes that ethical leadership takes effect, we propose the first hypothesis. Hypothesis 1: Ethical leadership is negatively related to unethical behavior in organization. Power Distance Orientation as Moderator Power distance is defined as the extent to which one accepts the legitimacy of unequally distributed power in institutions and organizations. (Hofstede, 1980). And in this article, the research is on the individual-level, thus the term power distance orientation (Kirkman, Chen, Farh, Chen, Lowe, 2009; Clugston, Howell, Dorfman, 2000) was adopted. Recent studies and researches in the cross-cultural management field indicates that cultural value orientations, or individually held cultural values and beliefs, have an important role in how employees react to aspects of their work (Kirkman et al., 2009). And compared to other culture dimension, such as individualism-collectivism,uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity etc. (Hofstede, 1980), power distance orientation, in theory, has a more direct relationship to leadership reactions (Kirkman et al., 2009) or the individuals perception and reaction to authority (Lian, Ferris Brown, 2012). And according to the review of the ethical leadership unethical behavior relationship, we note that ethical leadership can influence the subordinators unethical behavior through two processes social learning and social exchange. Studies suggest that by influencing the two processes, power distance orientation can act as a facilitator or barriers (Kirkman et al., 2009) to the ethical leadership-unethical behavior relationship. Power Distance Orientation and Social Learning Theory In the social learning perspective (Bandura, 1973), subordinates behavior will be influenced by leaders through the modeling process(Trevià ±o Brown, 2004; Brown,Trevià ±o, Harrison, 2005), where the subordinates will take the leaders as their role models, and learn from or mimic what the leaders do; besides, the subordinates would observe the reward and punishment to themselves or to the others offered by the leaders to get to know what to do or not to do. (Trevià ±o Brown, 2004) On the basis of this, with support from the studies, we argue that the power distance orientation will influence the effectiveness of the social learning in following ways. On one hand, compared to the low power distance orientation individuals, those who are with high power distance orientations will tend to view their leaders as the ones with high-status (Bochner Hesketh, 1994; Kirkman et al., 2009; Lian, Ferris Brown, 2012) and are superior as well as elite (Javidan, Dorfman, de Luque, House, 2006;Kirkman et al., 2009), thus they will be more likely to take their leaders as role models and mimic their behaviors. (Mayer, Aquino, Greenbaum Kuenzi, 2012; Lian, Ferris Brown, 2012) On the other hand, referring to the definition of power distance, we could note that subordinates with high power distance orientation accept unequally distributed power to a greater extent(Hofstede, 1980), thus they will hold a stronger belief, compared to low power distance orientation individuals, that one should not be against but to respect the leaders decision. (Bochner Hesketh, 1994; Lian, Ferris Brown, 2012), which means, the reward and punishment decision made by the leaders would be less likely to doubt and more likely to be accepted and followed by the high power distance orientation subordinators. As stated earlier, ethical leadership can have effects on subordinators unethical behavior through the social learning process. And with the present of power distance orientation, we expect the effect of ethical leadership will be affected, compared to low power distance orientation, individuals holding high power distance orientation will be more likely to regard their leaders as the ethical role model and mimic them to behave ethically. Also, they would be more convinced by and learn from the rewards on ethical behavior and punishments on unethical behavior. Power Distance Orientation and Social Exchange Theory Besides of Social learning processes, the ethical leaderships relationship with subordinates unethical behavior can be also explained by the social exchange processes. (Trevià ±o Brown, 2004; Mayer, Kuenzi, Greenbaum, Bardes, Salvador, 2009). As stated earlier, in social exchange theory and based on the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960), ethical leadership can help to prevent or mitigate the subordinators unethical behaviors when leaders and subordinators are in a positive social exchange relationship with elements such as perceived fairness, trust in leaders, etc. being satisfied. So by affecting these aspects, we expect power distance orientation will influence the ethical leaderships effect. For example, in the perceived fairness aspect, individuals with high power distance orientation will accept the unequally distributed power in a larger extent (Hofstede, 1980), so they will tend to be more tolerant for the unequally treatment and regard it as non unfair (Lian, Ferris Brown, 2012). So we posited that, with the less perceived unfairness, subordinates with high power distance orientation would view the leaders as fair which would result in less undesirable behavior such as unethical behavior (Trevià ±o Brown, 2004). Similarly, in the aspect of trust in leaders or affection for leaders, high power distance orientation plays a role that subordinates with high power distance orientation are more likely to admit their leaders superiority and elite (Javidan et al., 2006;Kirkman et al., 2009) so are more likely to show their respect to and trust their leaders (Kirkman et al., 2009; Sully de Luque Sommer, 2000;Lian Ferris Brown 2012). As a result, they will tend to behave favorably for the leaders or even the whole organization (Javidan et al., 2006; Kirkman et al., 2009) and reduce the undesirable behaviors including the unethical behaviors. To sum up the above, we expect the moderating effect of power distance orientation on the strength of the relationship between ethical leadership and unethical behaviors, and as such we put forward the second hypothesis. Hypothesis 2: The relation between ethical leadership and unethical behavior in organization is moderated by power distance orientation, such that the relation is stronger for individuals with high power distance orientation than for individuals with low power distance orientation. 3. Method Sample and Procedures This study is a quantitative study. Data would be collected in mainland China, the questionnaires will be translated to Chinese and back-translated into English for results analysis. (Kirkman et al., 2009). Sample size is expected to be around 200 subordinates in individuals. Measures Ethical leadership Referring to the recent ethical leadership studies of (Mayer et al., 2009, 2012), in this paper, we measure ethical leadership by using the ten-item scale from Brown et al. (2005). (See Appendix 1) Unethical behavior To measure the unethical behavior, we adopt the 17-item-scale used by (Akaahs ,1996) and (Mayer et al., 2012), which was originated from Newstrom Ruch (1975). (See Appendix 2) Power distance orientation As this article is on the individual-level, we follow the previous studies (Brockner et al., 2001; Earley, 1999; Kim Leung, 2007; Kirkman et al., 2009) to use the eight-item linkert scale from Earley and Erez (1997) for the measurement of the power distance orientation. (See Appendix 3) Control variables In this study, control variables including: age, gender, tenure, (Brockner et al., 2001; Kirtment et al., 2009; Lian, Ferris Brown, 2012); we will also control the position factor, which refers to whether the employees hold the role of subordinate and supervisor at the same time. (Brockner et al., 2001). Analysis Method We will first use the bivariate regression to test the main effect (Hypothesis 1) and we will use multiple regression to test the moderating effect (Hypothesis 2). 5. Schedule Reference Akaah, I. P. (1996). The influence of organizational rank and role on marketing professionals ethical judgments. Journal of Business Ethics, 15: 605-614. 15: 605-614. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Brislin, R. W. (1980). 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Journal of Management, 32(6), 951-990. doi: 10.1177/0149206306294258 Appendices Appendix 1 10 items Ethical Leadership Scale (Brown et al., 2005) Items will be rated on a scale from 1 (highly unlikely) to 7 (highly likely) Conducts h/h personal life in an ethical manner Defines success not just by results but also the way that they are obtained Listens to what employees have to say Disciplines employees who violate ethical standards Makes fair and balanced decisions Can be trusted Discusses business ethics or values with employees Sets an example of how to do things the right way in terms of ethics Has the best interests of employees in mind When making decisions, asks what is the right thing to do? Appendix 2 17 items unethical behavior scale ( Newstrom Ruch 1975) Items will be rated on descriptive range from 1 Never to 7 Frequently Personal use Using company services for personal use Doing personal business on company time Pilfering company materials and supplies Taking extra personal time (lunch hour, breaks, early departure) Passing blame Concealing ones error Passing blame for errors to an innocent co-worker Claiming credit for someone elses work Bribery Giving gifts/favors in exchange for preferential treatment Accepting gifts/favor in exchange for preferential treatment Falsification Falsifying time/quality/quantity reports Calling in sick to take a day off Authorizing a subordinate to violate company rules Padding expenses Padding an expense account up to 10% Padding an expense account more than 10% Deception Taking longer than necessary to do a job Divulging con ¬Ã‚ dential information Not reporting others violations of company policies and rules

Essay --

Kleenex is a tissue brand manufactured by Kimberly-Clark Corporation. The company knows how to build a high consumer loyalty and also how to make consumers recognize their brands. In addition, Kleenex is well-known for family care and personal care brands. 2.1 Market Summary Kimberly-Clark make Kleenex tissues from ancient forest in North America, and the consumption of facial tissue is very high in North American, Japan, Oceania and Western-Europe. All group of people can use Kleenex, and we can find Kleenex tissues in government buildings schools, airports, hotels and hospitals. In addition, Kleenex products are likely to be found in every shelf, in most of the stores. The company makes sure to improve its products by adding nice scent to the tissues, and also by creating a tool called Achoo to predict cold and flu in their living areas. The idea is to get consumers stock up on Kleenex before they get sick, rather than buy supplies when they are already felt bad (Neff, 2013). At this point, the consumers’ behavior can be influenced when they see great improvements on the product. 2.2 SWOT Analysis Strengths & Weaknesses The first strength I would mention is that the company wants consumers to see their brand as â€Å"Everyday use product†. Kimberly-Clark Corporation does not only manufacture Kleenex tissues, but it also make Kleenex indispensable for us. Women use Kleenex tissues the most because they are more emotional and they do a lot of make-up. Aldo, Kleenex, the world’s first facial tissue brand, generates more than $1 billion business (Datamonitor, 2011). Another strength would be the fact that the corporation makes sure to innovate the brand and develops new strategies. In 2010, Kimberly-Clark increased its strategic mar... ...groups. In November 3rd 1996, The Otway Ranges Environment Network (OREN) conducted a consumer awareness campaign whose slogan said â€Å"Refuse to use Kleenex issues. Do not wipe your burn on Otways native forest† (Otway Ranges Environment Network, n.d.). The campaign was an issue for the corporation because the environmental groups launched campaigns to save Otway native forest and also encourage consumers to buy alternative products, rather than Kleenex tissues. In 1998/1999 Kimberly-Clark Corporation quits using wood from Otway’s native forest despite its valid licensed until June 2001 (Otway Ranges Environment Network, n.d.). Also, competition can be an issue for Kimberly-Clark Corporation because other corporations want to be better than Kimberly-Clark; therefore, they make sure their products still on top, or the price is acceptable inn order to retain consumers.

Brave Incident Essay

High School Fight I went to high school in Vietnam; my cousin who I call brother went to the same high school with me. The high school I attended was also the school that many gang members attended. Those gang members always abused other students and took their lunch money as well as many of their valuables such as their wallets, cell phone and laptops. Our school principal always tried to inform the police about this behavior, but unfortunately that did not help. One day my class mate ran into the lass room where I was spending my break, since I did not like to hang out in the play ground because of the gang members that were there, and he told me that my cousin was being harassed by a couple of those gang members and that they threatened to beat him to death if he does not give them all his money. My cousin was very stubborn much more like Victoriano. The two gang members had my cousin against the wall and were trying to steal his wallet and belonging while he fought hem as much as he could. I had nothing on my mind at that moment but to save my cousin and help him run away from those gang members. I looked for small pieces or rocks and a wooden stick and immediately ran towards my cousin screaming loudly so that I can distract them from him. As I started throwing the rocks on them they let go of my cousin and paid attention to where I was heading which was directly towards them. I screamed loudly telling my cousin to run away and go to the rincipal’s office Just like when Dona Guadalupe told her cousin â€Å"l am not cutting you free so you can be brave and get killed. I want you running so you can live† I wanted my cousin to run and not try to fight the gang members when they let go of him. My cousin ran to the principal’s office while I threw the stick of wood towards them. I immediately changed my direction and ran towards the principal’s office as well. The Principal called the police and they arrested the gang members and I was able to save my cousin after all.

Portrayals of jesus in the gospels Essay

Each of the four gospels contained in the New Testament portrays a different and unique portrait of Jesus. Mark’s gospel represents Jesus as the suffering servant, while Matthew shows Jesus as the new Moses. Luke stresses Jesus’ inclusion of the outcasts and then John’s non-synoptic gospel shows Jesus as God’s presence and as an otherworldly figure. Mark portrays Jesus as a powerful yet unrecognized and suffering Messiah. Stories throughout the gospel show Jesus to have control over storms, water and demons. He is able to heal lepers, cripples and people with withered limps. He also has undaunted authority over everything including sin and Sabbath laws. Yet the theme of the messianic secret is major within this gospel. Jesus often tells people â€Å"to tell no one† of the miracles he performs. This theme is part of the climax of Mark’s gospel when Peter proclaims that Jesus is Christ and Jesus responds by giving him strict orders to tell no one. He therefore is the unrecognized Messiah. Mark wrote his gospel to a suffering and fearful faith community. He wrote to inspire faith in them. That is why Mark emphasizes Jesus’ suffering to his readers so that they can relate and see that there is no glory without suffering. He therefore shows that in order to have true dominance one must first encounter suffering, just as Jesus had. Matthew writes his gospel from a Jewish standpoint. He is careful to connect Jesus as the legitimate heir to the royal house of David in order to establish Jesus’ Hebrew roots. Matthew often refers to Hebrew scripture to show Jesus as the fulfillment of the scriptures. He says that Jesus is God present with us. Jesus is portrayed as the new lawgiver in this gospel. He is a teacher who concentrates on the overall being of a person, meaning their actions as well as their thoughts. Matthew stresses that it is just as bad to think impurely as it is to act impure. Jesus has come to perfect the law and to provide ethical teachings to guide his followers. Matthew shows Jesus to pity the under privileged in his interpretation of the Sermon on  the Mount where Jesus gives us the Beatitudes. He also shows Jesus scolding much of the upper class, especially the Pharisees whom Jesus is shown to argue with numerous times throughout this gospel. Luke does the opposite of Matthew by writing from a Gentile point of view and directing his gospel toward a Greco-Roman audience. Luke concerns himself with showing that in Jesus the Gentiles are included in the promise of God’s covenant. The major theme of this gospel is that Jesus is savior. He is the savior of the whole world not just the Jews. Luke portrays Jesus as a passionate messiah by stressing his inclusion of the outcasts. Jesus associated with the tax collectors, woman and physically disadvantaged. Jesus denounces the rich and comfortable in this gospel during the Sermon on the Mount. Luke also downplays Jesus’ suffering by excluding much of it from his gospel. An example of this is the absence of the crown of thorns in his gospel. Luke does this to once again portray the more compassionate Jesus. He instead exclusively included Jesus’ praying for the forgiveness of the crowd and for the criminal next to him on the cross and to give more attention to Jesus’ resurrection and the appearances of the risen Jesus. John’s whole gospel is a portrait of Jesus. He includes new titles and truths that are not contained in any other gospel. Two important titles John quotes Jesus using are â€Å"I am† and â€Å"the word.† By using the term â€Å"I am† John is saying that the kingdom of God has come and that Jesus has always been. â€Å"The word† is God’s â€Å"logos.† This represents the basic idea of God revealing himself to mankind. It says that Jesus is the one whom God the father used to create the world. John therefore stresses Jesus’ incarnation and emphasizes the faith factor of believing without seeing. The four gospels are all very unique in portraying Jesus. They cover much of the same material but see Jesus from different point of views because of their different backgrounds. Luke and Matthew are perfect examples because they both believe so dearly in Jesus yet have different views because of their different cultures. The evangelists show that no matter who you are you can relate to Jesus just as they did. By studying the gospels you can see Jesus through your own lens and therefore paint your own portrait of the  messiah.