The Secrets of An Annotated Bibliography Exposed

The Secrets of An Annotated Bibliography Exposed Firstly you are able to guarantee that there's a link created that results in the sites mention in your bibliography. When you are requested to submit an annotated bibliography your task is to write out the references which you are likely to utilize in whatever style is necessary for your research paper. In reality, just about all academic and expert research papers must have an annotated bibliography. Some databases have citation solutions, and there are lots of web-based generators. This annotation includes only 1 paragraph, an overview of the book. Summative annotations provide just an overview of the author's major ideas. A History of an Annotated Bibliography Refuted Revisions are an essential portion of any writing assignments, but it is particularly important to correct any errors in a thesis. Doing this for each report gives you a superb assortment of notes to utilize for your paper. Term papers are not the same as personal essays. Therefore, if you're expected to compose any sort of academic or professional papers, it's very likely that you'll be asked to adhere to either APA or MLA standards. This book, together with Getting Things Done by the identical author, are considered classics in this area. Writing is simpler than it seems. If you are searching for Sample Mla Cover Page Format you've come to the proper spot. Black Civil Rights in the usa. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About an Annotated Bibliography Is Wrong If you're looking for Paper Layout Mla you've come to the proper spot. 5 essay on there isn't any shortcut to success. Chemistry is a subject which, basically, supplies you with useful information concerning the different substances or varieties of materials which make up the physical world around us and the way in which they behave or react with one another. The Ultimate Annotated Bibliography Trick If you don't understand how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be pleased to help you. It's possible to always reach out to your writer to give more particulars or request information concerning the order's progress . There are several handy works of different period of time. Peruse a few times the range of sources than may be required, and select the ones that you believe will give the greatest overall background to your study. Be certain to ask your instructor if you're unclear regarding the sort of term paper you are going to write. When editing, it's important that a student takes note of particular aspects. Read the assignment sheet to make certain you comprehend the assignment. After going into the name of your publication, there are a couple of diverse things you do based on what sort of publication it is. Some explanatory text is provided. Annotated bibliographies are an enjoyable approach to gloss books quickly and discover out the most indispensable details about an author and his work. Once it's broken down into various headings and sub-headings it is not going to appear such a gigantic job. A yearly subscription is necessary for access to the internet content of the Manual. With the proliferation of information about the web, news sources will change in the quality. You start to read more critically rather than just collecting information. It should consist of background information regarding the subject. There's no apostrophe to produce a word or date plural. Additionally, it might lead to repetition. The worth of successfully educating the children have become the most important lesson. For instance, there is a real-life example of the Ministry of Truth. Don't forget, your instructor would like to read YOUR writing, not the writing of somebody else. It is likewise not essential that the instructor ought to be a professional dancer. The author definitely has a business focus, but lots of the ideas may be adapted to the house or classroom. You may see that you have a lot more notes from 1 source than all others. The total citation for the source is subseq uently included in a references section at the conclusion of the material. Ultimately, alphabetize the sources by the very first letter in every source because it is formatted properly. Use a different bit of paper or a distinct document on your computer for each source. The lengths of the annotations can fluctuate significantly from a couple sentences to a few pages. There are four primary varieties of annotations. Most of the time, they are intended to analyze, reflect, critique, summarize or evaluate the source material. Informative Annotation If you're using informative annotation, then you have to provide an overview of the sources used along with the arguments of your work.

Essay on Technology Is Changing the Mind - 1421 Words

The clock is ticking, the work is piling up, and with only a few hours to go before sunrise you stop and realize that you have just read some fifty pages and absorbed almost nothing. Some would agree when I say that this situation epitomizes one of the common problems of the Net Generation. With the help of the Internet, not only has every aspect of life gotten faster and more efficient, but it has changed the way people process information and perform tasks. In addition, while technology does have its benefits, the extensive use of the internet is affecting the way people think. It is simple to brush aside the ability to concentrate as a menial task that everyone can do, but when it gets right down to it, is it easy to devote your†¦show more content†¦As a result, it becomes much more difficult to sustain focus on reading prose that is long and takes more effort to absorb. Further neuroscience research shows that extensive use of the internet may physically be changing our brains. Our minds adapt to new ideas and concept everyday and when introduced to a new task or job, our brains change as â€Å"new neural pathways that give instructions to our bodies† (â€Å"What†¦Plasticity?†) open up. Brain plasticity, â€Å"the capacity of the brain to change with learning† (Michelon) can occur at any age and is responsible for instructing our brains to perform a task. New neural wires are created when you learn something new, but those same connections can also be destroyed, for instance when you forget a person’s name, signaling the failing of a person’s memory (â€Å"What†¦Plasticity?†). The more time spent on the Internet, the more our brains grow more accustomed to processing simplified snippets of information very quickly, and because Internet articles become easier to read and skim over, it appeals more t o the mind than denser and longer printed text. As printed text becomes more difficult to read, reading as a hobby has gotten a lot less attractive to some people. UCLA psychology professor Patricia Greenfield points out in her studies, â€Å"reading develops imagination, induction,Show MoreRelatedModern Technology1463 Words   |  6 Pages The debate of modern technology is one that reaches out to almost everyone in the modern era living in the United States, since it is a first world country, everybody living in the country at one point has interacted with a piece of modern technology. The evolution of technology in the last two decades has been exponentially fast, changing evolution of almost an entire generation in the way that they view things and interact with the world around them. Things such as virtual reality haveRead MoreThe Rhetorical Appeals : Is Google Making Us Stupid? Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesargument presented by two different authors who have written about the subject of how technology is affecting our lives. In the article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† by Nicholas Carr, he describes how over the years, using technology has evolved his way of thinking in a negative way. On the other hand, in the article â€Å"How technology has changed our parenting lives† by Christin e Organ, she promotes the use of technology, for it has improved her as a parent. This paper is to examine the rhetorical appealsRead MoreAttention Deficit : The Brain Syndrome Of Our Era1019 Words   |  5 Pagesthe effect of technology on our brains. As we process increasing amounts of information at ever-faster speeds, Restak argues that our brains are undergoing â€Å"profound alterations† in order to adapt to the changing needs of our modern world. As technology connects us to more people, places, and information than ever before, Restak warns that we are losing important cognitive functions, in particular our ability to focus and concentrate. However Restak fails to mention that technology has created significantRead MoreEssay What I Would Get Rid of to Improve Life in the 21st Century670 Words   |  3 PagesOur lives are changing, the outstanding growth of our knowledge is increasing every day, yet our changing lives present increasingly complicated problems in an a geing society. Today’s 21st century has much to sort out that may help the upcoming society. The excruciating examination process in which thousands of pressured students who are not fully ready to take an exam, must prove what they have ‘learned’ to aggressive and rapacious examiners, only a minority being selected in the vast marine ofRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid? by Nicholas Carr948 Words   |  4 PagesNicholas Carr is an author that focuses on the real word changing. His main focuses are the changes in technology, business and the culture. One of his essay’s, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid,† focuses on whether or not the Internet is creating problems within today’s society, and with our learning abilities in general. Carr provides detailed examples from Google, research teams and our own history to show the impact it has on today’s life and the minds’ of Internet users. This essay is very convincing toRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education1399 Words   |  6 Pages Technology is here to stay and appears to be ever advancing, but teachers are struggling to adapt with learning about the new software and tools that the districts are trying to implement into the curriculum. Teachers shape the minds of our future; thus making teaching the most important occupation in the world. In order to achieve maximum greatness in the classroom a teacher must be open to changing the methods in which they teach. With time, technology has seemed to shimmy its way into almostRead MoreEffects of Technology Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 091-040 4 December 2012 Effects of Technology in our world I. Introduction: State your plan for the Introduction paragraph * Changes in technology over the years * Why we depend on technology so much * How much we rely on technology Thesis statement: In today’s world, as technology is advancing around us, some of the major effects that can be seen are medical technology advances, ease of communication with the growing technology, and the negative effects on our body. IIRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid?1347 Words   |  6 PagesAdvancements in technology have made our lives significantly easier to live. With the invention of the Internet, education is enhanced, communication is made easier and quicker, and is the platform for greatness in the younger generation. However, an author by the name of Nicholas Carr argues that the Internet is changing the way we think and work for the worst, in his article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?†. Carr suggests that as the Internet becomes our primary source of information, it begins toRead MoreTechnology Trends : Changing The Hospitality Industry996 Words   |  4 PagesOverview Technology trends are changing the hospitality industry drastically. Hotel guests are among some of the most tech-savvy people in the world. This issue is leading guests to demand higher standards during their stay at a hotel or resort. Even though the standards are constantly changing and are often difficult for hotels to reach, hotels must do their best to keep up with the latest trends technology has to offer. When guests are looking at hotels to stay at during vacation or whatever theRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Learning And Teaching841 Words   |  4 Pagesthat in mind, technology is going to be the driving force behind gain those skills. With this in mind, the focus of the research should focus on the following questions; what impact does a one to one technology initiative have on learning and teaching? What training and professional development must be required for teachers, students, and administrators to ensure that it fulfills the learning objectives of a school? The se questions center primarily on understanding the impact that technology can have

Religion on Musical Development free essay sample

So it is only natural that Western music should also have been affected by religion. Western music, and Its development by composers, has been strongly Influenced by the Christian religion, especially In the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. The music in these periods laid the foundation for all the different types of music we enjoy today. During the Medieval period the Catholic Church had an enormous amount of power and control over the people of that time. The Medieval period began with the collapse of the Roman Empire around the year 450.Then with much of Europe in disarray, the Roman Catholic Church, the mall unifying force at the time, unified any cultures together. All segments of society felt the powerful Influence of the Roman Catholic Church. In this age of faith, hell was very real and heresy was the gravest crime (Examine 63). The church controlled everything and it was of greatest importance in this period. Very little non-Christian music from this period survived, due to its suppression by the Church and the absence of music notation; (History of Music).The enormous Gothic Cathedrals and churches demonstrate how powerful and Important the church was. The amount of physical labor put Into each one shows he devotion of the people to God and the church In the medieval time period. Life In these times revolved around the church so it makes sense that the music of this time also revolved around it. The composers of this era were often involved with the church. They were usually priests, monks, or nuns. For example Hildebrand of Binge, a nun from Germany, who, wrote many musical pieces and other forms of art. For over one thousand years the official music of the Roman Catholic church had been Gregorian Chant, which consists of melody set to sacred Latin texts and sung without accompaniment (Kamala 67). The credit for developing Gregorian chant music, also known as plainchant, goes to Pope Gregory the first. In reality, Gregorian chant had evolved over many centuries from Jewish synagogues. The Gregorian chant was basically the main type of music in the medieval period. Gregorian chants were monophonic In nature and were used by the Catholic Church to add an otherworldly quality to the mass. Chant survived and prospered In monasteries and religious centers throughout the chaotic years of the early middle ages, for these were the places of greatest stability and literacy (Medieval Music). Gregorian chant was the only type of music that was generally accepted by the church. All instrumental musical pieces were rejected by the church because of its idea that they were more secular in nature. The church had the power to, and usually did, censor secular music that It found to be objectionable. This caused the development of possibly, many other types of music to be hindered. F chants grew to thousands, they were notated to ensure musical uniformity throughout the western church (Examine 69). So it was church music that needed a musical notation system. This system is a great advancement in musical placement. For many years the churchs music was predominantly monophonic in texture. Eventually the church started to drift away from the monophonic texture of music and added a second voice to its chant. Monks in monastery choirs began to add a second melodic line to Gregorian chant.In the beginning, this second line was Improvised, not written down; it duplicated the chant melody in a different pitch (Examine 74). This type of music is called organ and is a drastic change in the music of the Catholic Church. Organ is polyphonic in texture and was more melodic. This was a major change for the church because the music now had more melody and was more attractive than the original chants. Another cause of the creation of organ is the creation of many schools for polyphonic music. Schools such as the school of Notre Dame of polyphony and SST.Martial School of organ were Just some of them. These schools, especially the school of Notre Dame, became the center of musical creative activity throughout the thirteenth century (Medieval Music). It was here that many great composers learned to compose polyphonic music. Liturgical drama was also created in the middle ages. Liturgical drama was basically a drama based on liturgical text. In its original form, it may represent a survival of Roman drama with Christian storiesmainly the Gospel, the Passion, and the lives of the saintsgrafted on.Every part of Europe had some sort of tradition of musical or semi-musical drama in the middle ages, involving acting, speaking, singing, and instrumental accompaniment in some combination. Probably these dramas were performed by traveling actors and musicians. (Medieval Music) After some time however, the church lost a lot of its influence due to unforeseen resistances. The Hundred Years War, the bubonic plague, and problems resulting from a time when there was more than one pope had been a blow to the church. This turmoil weakened the church and allowed more secular music to come about in the late middle ages.The weakening of the church is due to a combination of the general moral and atmosphere of the people during these times, the numerous deaths caused by both the Black Death, and the Hundred Years War, and the confusion of the people, which caused people to lose faith in God and the church. More secular USIA came about because of the loss of control of the people and not having enough strength to suppress the secular woks. The composers of the early medieval period were mostly anonymous. This is because the people of the time were expected to worship God in the best way they can.So those who can compose music were expected to compose and not take credit for it, because it was God that allowed them to have the skill. However, there were a few composers that were not anonymous. Composers such as Guileful De Mach, one of the best composers of the time, rote many pieces under the service of royal families. He wrote both secular and sacred music. Muscats most well known sacred piece the Notre Dame Mass. Her convent. Approximately eighty compositions survive, which is a far larger repertoire than almost any other medieval composer.Among her better known works is the Ardor Virtue (Order of the Virtues or Play of the Virtues), a type of early oratorio for womens voices, with one male part that of the Devil. It was created, like all of Hilliards music, to be performed by the nuns of her convent. The text of her compositions uses a form of modified medieval Latin unique to Hildebrand, for which he created many invented, conflated and abridged words, while the music itself is monophonic, designed for limited instrumental accompaniment (usually Just using hurdy guard drones), and characterized by soaring soprano visualization. Hildebrand of Binge) She was the first woman composer from whom a large number of works came about. She mostly wrote sacred songs which are monophonic in texture. Only n the late twentieth century did she achieve any recognition for her work. The Catholic faith in the medieval era hinders most of the secular music development. It does this by censoring and rejecting most of the secular works. This aspect and power of the church makes the music of this time period mainly Christian music.The hindrance of the music probably had a negative effect overall because it slowed down the development and possibly even destroyed potential styles of music. Dating from approximately 1450-1600, the Renaissance period in history was a time of transition in the arts, literature, religion, science, and philosophy. Although looking forward to modern thought, this period also revived the ancient Greek and Roman cultures (Renaissance Period). The Catholic Church had lost some of its Influence and power because of the bubonic plague, the wars, and the deaths of hundreds, which all took place in the medieval period.The spreading and teaching of humanism also made the church weaker. Humanism is the focus on the earthly life instead of the divine, where human aspirations and goals are put above that of the church. This was also the period of the reformation. The reformation is when people of the church such as Martin Luther were not happy with the church. So they formed their own church and became known as Protestants. There was also a battle of sorts teen the new Protestant church under Martin Luther and the Catholic Church. There were also other separations from the church which weakened it even more. Undoubtedly one of the major threads was forged by Henry VIII of England when he declared his realm independent of Rome, establishing his own Church of England and thereby beginning the trend whereby the Catholic Church ceased to be able to provide a supra-national force of unification (Renaissance). With this decline in the churchs power it allowed a more room for composers to create new types of music and more secular works without it being suppressed. This allowed different kinds of music to develop. However The church remained an important patron of music, but musical activity gradually shifted to the courts (Examine 81).Even though the church Nas weaker it still had influence and power. To make the church stronger however, and to counter the move toward Protestantism, important members of the Catholic Church met at the Council of Trend. There they decided to go back to Gregorian chant and the monophonic texture from the middle ages. They also created a more militant ruling of the remaining Catholic countries. This later has a great effect on the music There are two main types of sacred music in the Renaissance. The motet and the mass and they are very similar. The Renaissance motet is a polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of a mass. The Renaissance mass is polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections: Keri, Gloria, Credo, Sanctum, and Gangs Die (Examine 82). The motet which originated in the religious music of the thirteenth century, quickly moved out of the church and into the courts of the nobility, becoming the dominant form of secular music in the fourteenth century(Music). This is also nether influence of the church and religion. The composers of this time still made religious music.One renowned composer Sequin Desired for example, is possibly one of the best. He wrote numerous amounts of masses and motets. Joaquin dominated the musical world of his time, not only on account of his learning, skill, and originality, but because of his singular ability to bring together the many streams of contemporary musical practice Joaquin Desired). He also possessed a strong ability to take a Latin text, study it, and then compose many dramas and musical pieces. He was a very devoted Christian who influenced a great deal of people.One of those people for example is Martin Luther, who says: God has His Gospel preached also through the medium of music; this may be seen from the compositions of Joaquin, all of whose works are cheerful, gentle, mild, and lovely; they flow and move along and are neither forced nor coerced and bound by rigid and stringent rules, but, on the contrary, are like the song of the finch. (Examine 83) Joaquin Des Prep is still influential today. His music is still played and recorded today because of his ability to portray emotion in such a Nay that is still loved by many.His musical pieces were mostly about religion. He rote such compositions as Eave Maria 0. Virgo Serene, and many more that dealt with religion as its theme. Among the most important Italian Renaissance composers was Giovanni Periling De Palestinian who devoted himself to music for the Catholic Church (Examine 85). Palestinians most famous mass was his Pope Marvelous Mass. Palestinian gained popularity for the amount of compositions he made. Palestinian left hundreds of compositions, including 104 masses, 68 offertories, 250 motets, 45 hymns, psalms, 33 magnificent, litanies, 4 or 5 sets of lamentations etc. T least 140 madrigals and 9 organ receiver (however, recent scholarship has classed these receiver as of doubtful authorship; Palestinian probably wrote no purely instrumental music). His Missal sine nominee seems to have been particularly attractive to Johann Sebastian Bach, who studied and performed it while he was writing his own masterpiece, the Mass in B Minor. (Giovanni Periling De Palestinian) His compositions present a very Nell balanced and beautiful vocal part that is very harmonious. Palestinians Music is still performed today and is becoming a model of polyphonic music of theRenaissance time period. The Renaissance was a very important time because this is when the church first lost some of its power. So this allowed more secular works to be made and new styles to be explored. The composers in this period helped give future composers study material and compositions to start from. The Baroque period is a period of growth developments. The militant Catholicism of the Counter-Reformation, which stretched into the seventeenth century led to the development of religious baroque as the earliest permutation of baroque style (The Enlightenment).Many of the religious art ND music done in this time period were used to stop the spread of Protestantism. The Counter-Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trend, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism (Catholic Reformation). During this period the Catholic Church used its power to control the countries that were still under its Jurisdiction. During the early seventeenth century an artist or musician had almost no other choice but to paint religious scenes and compose church music.Other subject matter was insider heretical, and there was scant financial support for artists outside the church. Religious baroque was thus forced upon the artists of the age by the Catholic authorities, which demanded that Catholic art meet the Protestant challenge head on. (The Enlightenment) The Catholic Church Counter-Reformation doctrine had an enormous effect on the music produced, and played during the Baroque Period. Most of the sacred, or religious, music of the Baroque was written specifically to be perform ed as part of a church service, whether Catholic, Lutheran or Anglican. The ironical sacred form during the Baroque period, as in all other periods of European music, was the musical setting of various liturgical rites known as Masses. But the Baroque also had sacred musical forms which were particular to that time, especially the sacred cantata and the sacred oratorio. (Baroque Music Part Two) One influence of religion in the Baroque era has to be the oratorio. An oratorio is a large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. It differs from an opera in that it does not have scenery, costumes, or acting (Oratorio).Oratorios are usually written for biblical themes. An oratorio can be about the life of Jesus, the creation of the Nor, a life of a prophet or saint, or any other theme in the bible. During the Baroque era there were many composers who were greatly influenced religion. Among them are Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, and George Frederick Handel. They were some of the best composers of this era. These composers in one way or another were influenced by religion in some part of their lives and have composed musical pieces based on the Christian religion that will live on for many years to come.Antonio Vivaldi was a composer who was originally a priest. He took holy orders at the age of about twenty-five, but poor health caused him to leave the ministry after a Hear (Examine 126). Vivaldi composed operas and fine church music in his career. He Nas an inspiration for Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach took Vivaldi music and improved upon them as he saw fit. George Frederick Handel was a very talented composer. He wrote many secular pieces and operas, but in the end, found his best work as the oratorio.His oratorios found more success than any of his operas. His best know work in this genre, Messiah, has been performed continuously and in many countries around the world. Perhaps more than any other piece in European musical tradition. .. (Adam). His Messiah is based on the life of Christ, from the beginning to the end. This piece has given him great success and fame. Even after Handels death the Messiah grew in Christmas season. He was considered to be one of the best composers of his day to Germany. The wide range of expression at his command is shown not only in the operas, with their rich and varied arias, but also in the form he created, the English oratorio, where it is applied to the fates of nations as well as individuals. He had a livid sense of drama. But above all he had a resource and originality of invention, to be seen in the extraordinary variety of music in the pop. 6 concertos, for example, in Inch melodic beauty, boldness and humor all play a part, that place him and J. S. Bach as the supreme masters of the Baroque era in music. Bubonic) Johann Sebastian Bach is considered one of the best composers in history, if not the best. Bach is considered one of the best composers for many reasons. A master of music he contributed a new aspect to almost every genre that he composed for and he composed music for every genre except opera. He also had a great Imagination which allowed him, to take other composers music and improve upon them. He was considered to be so important in the Baroque period that his death marked the end of the period. Bach wrote many types of religious and secular music.He was very devoted to the church. Gary Adam says that, Bach was a very religious man, so religious that he thought music to be a sacred expression of Joy. In his own thinking, Bach considered all of his compositions to be sacred, even if they were never intended to be performed in church. He was a Lutheran and wrote many church pieces in Leipzig, where he held the position of municipal Experimentalist, here he wrote about 295 cantatas. One of Bachs best known cantatas is his Cantata NO. 140 Waste AUP, ruff nuns die Stemmed written in 1731. Later vocal music owes much to these cantatas, from the exquisite, delicate miniatures of Romantic period song-cycles to the grandiose choral exaltation of the closing movement of Beethovens Ninth Symphony (Baroque Music-Part Two). Bachs music still has an influence on us today. He wrote many cantatas, arias, fugues, and concertos that are still played today. Bach was greatly influenced by religion. Most of his works were made for its use in the church. He glorified God as best he could and in his works it can be seen that Bach had a true passion for religious music.The Baroque period, through the Catholic and Protestant churches were important in furthering the musical development of the coming years. Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, Antonio Vivaldi, and other such composers were important in helping other musicians such as Beethoven to develop their own music. Many of Bachs cantatas and Handels Messiah are done because of the influence of religion on their lives. This influence on them eventually affected other musical composers in he later centuries as well. Today religion is still affecting different genres of music.We still have composers rutting music based on religious text or singing glory to God. However religions impact is clearly not as strong as it was in the middle ages, renaissance or baroque periods. We can vividly see this in the presence of Death Metal bands, such as Dark Disciple or Cannibal Corpse, who sings about some of the most gruesome stories about murder and death, or the Hip Hop music genre which generally raps about prostitutes, sex, drugs, and murder as well. Nonetheless there are still some religious Electric bands. These bands are still influenced by religion.

So Called Love Song Essays - Chapbooks, , Term Papers

So Called Love Song The so-called Love Song The ironic character of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, an early poem by T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) in the form of a dramatic monologue, is introduced in its title. Eliot is talking, through his speaker, about the absence of love, and the poem, so far from being a song, is a meditation on the failure of romance. The opening image of evening (traditionally the time of love making) is disquieting, rather than consoling or seductive, and the evening becomes a patient (Spender 160): When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table (2-3). According to Berryman, with this line begins modern poetry (197). The urban location of the poem is confrontational instead of being alluring. Eliot, as a Modernist, sets his poem in a decayed cityscape, a drab neighborhood of cheap hotels and restaurants, where Prufrock lives in solitary gloom (Harlan 265). The experience of Prufrock is set against that of unnamed women (13), collectively representing womankind. Their unattainable status is represented by their constant movement- they come and go- and their polite chitchat about Michelangelo, who was a man of great creative energy, unlike Prufrock (Harlan 265). We cannot imagine that they would listen to any love song by Prufrock, any more than they would find his name or his person attractive. A man named J. Alfred Prufrock could hardly be expected to sing a love song; he sounds too well dressed (Berryman 197).J. Alfred Prufrock indicates his formality, and his surname, in particular, indicates prudery. The powerful metaphor, a visual image of the yellow fog (15) in the fourth stanza, represents the jaundiced environment of the modern city, or Eliot's infernal version of the forest of Arden (Cervo 227). The image is ambiguous, however, because Eliot also makes it curiously attractive in the precision he uses in comparing the fog's motions to that of a cat who [l]icked its tongue into the corners of the evening (17). We also hear the fog, disquietingly, in that image, in the onomatopoeia of licked. Repetition of time, in the following stanza, shows how the world of Prufrock's being is bound to temporality. Prufrock speaks to his listeners as if they had come to visit him in some circle of unchanging hell where time has stopped and all action has become theoretical (Miller 183). Time is repeated, several times, but it is not only its inescapable presence that Eliot is emphasizing, but also the triviality of the ways in which we use it; the taking of a toast and tea (34). The melancholy of Prufrock's situation begins to emerge when he speaks of his experience of failures in love and life. The initial vitality of his invitation to go out into the evening is now replaced by images of the many evenings he has known, with their same disappointing conclusions. This meditation expands to include mornings, afternoons (50) - all of his life, in other words - which, in a famous image, he has measured out with coffee spoons (51). The emphasis on I in the poem, which we would expect in a dramatic monologue, is also typical of Romanticism, with its celebration of the ego. Again, in this poem, Eliot is pointedly unromantic, as the I that is revealed is fit not for celebration but for ridicule, especially when Prufrock shows that he has been repeatedly diminished, even reduced to a laboratory specimen, by others' evaluation of him. It is little wonder that his self-confidence, the essential quality of a successful lover, has been shattered. It is women, of course, who have delivered this judgement on Prufrock. He finds them powerfully attractive, with [a]rms that are braceleted and white and bare (63), but we notice that this image - like the eyes, earlier, that fix you in a formulated phrase (56) - does not indicate a whole person, but rather a fragment of a human being, almost lifeless, like [a]rms that lie along the table (67). We may be critical of Prufrock, but the objects of his desire are scarcely more desirable. The criticism broadens to encompass a society, even civilization, and Prufrock becomes a type of human being - modern urban man, perhaps